Autoimmune-associated cerebral venous thrombosis in a young female: A clinical pharmacist’s perspective case report

Abstract

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon but important cause of stroke in young adults, particularly women with prothrombotic risk factors. We report a case of a 27-year-old female who presented with acute transient left-sided visual disturbance and headache. Neuroimaging revealed cerebral venous thrombosis involving the right transverse and sigmoid sinuses with associated right occipital venous infarction, explaining her visual field defects. Her clinical course was complicated by hemorrhagic transformation of the venous infarct. A detailed evaluation identified lupus anticoagulant positivity, suggesting an acquired prothrombotic state, along with contributory factors including recent pregnancy loss, short-term estrogen exposure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hypothyroidism. Anticoagulation was initiated and later modified due to hemorrhagic infarction, with close neurological and hematological monitoring. The patient showed gradual clinical improvement and was discharged in a stable condition with appropriate long-term management and follow-up. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of CVT, comprehensive thrombophilia workup, and individualized management in young women presenting with atypical neurological symptoms.